Curb Bit
An item at Metropolitan Museum of Art
The mouthpiece of this bit consists of a U-shaped high port and small rollers on both sides (one is missing). The small bronze rings on the sides were attached to the bridle. The two bronze shanks, from which hooks hang for the reins, are connected by a thick horizontal bar acting as a curb. The curb bar would have pressed the horse’s chin when the reins were pulled back. This object is also an example of the earliest type of curb bit to have been invented. It seems to have developed in the Balkans among Thracian and Scordisci (Eastern Celts) cultures between the 3rd and 1st century B.C. These populations were known for their great equestrian skills, especially at war. Examples of these bits have also occasionally been found in some western Celtic burials dating from the 1st century B.C., but they mostly spread in Roman territories during the conquest, thanks to the Thracian and East Celtic cavalrymen incorporated in the army. Curb bits were actually an improvement in military technology, since they allowed riders to have very good control of their horses with only one hand, freeing the other for holding a weapon. From at least the 1st century B.C., this kind of bit was often associated with a type of leverage cavesson, called a psálion, a metal noseband helping in the control of the horse (see acc. no. 42.50.527 in the Metropolitan Museum's collection). This bit is said to have been found in Italy. If true, it might have come from the tomb of a rider of Eastern origin buried there.
Arms and Armor
An exhibit at Metropolitan Museum of Art
The principal goals of the Arms and Armor Department are to collect, preserve, research, publish, and exhibit distinguished examples representing the art of the armorer, swordsmith, and gunmaker. Arms and armor have been a vital part of virtually all cultures for thousands of years, pivotal not only in conquest and defense, but also in court pageantry and ceremonial events. Throughout time the best armor and weapons have represented the highest artistic and technical capabilities of the society and period in which they were made, forming a unique aspect of both art history and material culture.