Snaffle Bit

An item at Metropolitan Museum of Art

The mouthpiece consists of two canons studded with rounded spikes, linked by a ring in the center. Each one terminates with a ring for the reins and a long and straight full-cheek piece, pierced with two holes for hanging it from the bridle. This very submissive type of snaffle was inspired by both Achaemenid and Greek bits. The spiky canons, called 'hedgehogs' by the Greek Xenophon (ca. 430–355 B.C.) in his equestrian treatise, accentuate its severity. These elements being very uncomfortable for the tongue, they force the horse to retract it. Consequently the tongue cannot cushion the bit and the mouthpiece is resting directly on the most sensitive part of the bars (part of the horses’ jaw without teeth). The very long cheekpieces added control for changing directions by pressing the horse's cheek when pulling the opposite rein. This bit is said to have been found in Rome. If true, it might have come from the tomb of a Thracian or Anatolian cavalryman buried there.

Arms and Armor

An exhibit at Metropolitan Museum of Art

The principal goals of the Arms and Armor Department are to collect, preserve, research, publish, and exhibit distinguished examples representing the art of the armorer, swordsmith, and gunmaker. Arms and armor have been a vital part of virtually all cultures for thousands of years, pivotal not only in conquest and defense, but also in court pageantry and ceremonial events. Throughout time the best armor and weapons have represented the highest artistic and technical capabilities of the society and period in which they were made, forming a unique aspect of both art history and material culture.

Metropolitan Museum of Art